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PSLE Math Formula Sheet 2026

Complete formula sheet covering all critical rules and equations in the PSLE math syllabus.

Numbers & Operations

  • • Order of Operations: (1) Brackets, (2) Multiply/Divide, (3) Add/Subtract
  • • Rounding Rule: 0-4 round down, 5-9 round up
  • • Fraction of Remainder: 'Spent 1/3 of remainder' = 1/3 × (Total - Spent)
  • • HCF & LCM: Use the 'L-shape' division method for speed

Percentage

  • • Find Percentage: (Part / Whole) × 100%
  • • Percentage Change: (Change / Original) × 100%
  • • GST (9%): Total = Original × 1.09
  • • Discount: Selling Price = Marked Price × (100% - % Discount)

Ratio & Proportions

  • • Unitary Method: Identify what '1 unit' represents first
  • • Constant Total: Used when items are transferred between parties
  • • Constant Difference: Used for age problems (gap never changes)
  • • Simplifying: Divide all parts by the same Highest Common Factor

Speed (The DST Triangle)

  • • Distance = Speed × Time
  • • Speed = Distance ÷ Time
  • • Time = Distance ÷ Speed
  • • Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time (Never average the speeds!)
  • • Conversion: 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s

Geometry - Circles

  • • Diameter (d) = 2 × Radius (r)
  • • Circumference = πd or 2πr
  • • Area of Circle = πr²
  • • Perimeter of Semicircle = πr + d (Including the straight edge)
  • • Area of Quarter Circle = ¼πr²

Geometry - Shapes & Solids

  • • Sum of angles in Triangle = 180°
  • • Sum of angles in Quadrilateral = 360°
  • • Area of Triangle = ½ × Base × perpendicular Height
  • • Volume of Cuboid = Length × Breadth × Height
  • • Surface Area = Sum of areas of all 6 faces
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